Russian tortoises thrive in warm, dry environments with access to shade and sunshine. Here's an overview of their care needs:
Temperature
Daytime temps should be 70–85°F, with a basking area of 95°F. Nighttime temps can be 60–75°F. Use a thermostat to monitor heating elements like heat tape, under tank heaters, or basking lights.
Enclosure
Outdoors, provide well-draining soil and walls that are at least 12 inches deep and smooth to prevent burrowing and climbing. Cover the top with wide mesh to protect from predators. Indoors, juveniles up to 4 inches long need an enclosure for proper growth.
Digging
Provide a "dig box" with a mixture of sand and topsoil to satisfy their natural digging behavior and increase humidity. Keep the substrate moist but not soaked.
Hibernation
Before considering hibernation, ensure the tortoise is healthy and parasite-free. Consult a vet.
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